Abstract: ob＜x＞jective: To compare the effects of paravertebral nerve block combined with general anesthesia and general anesthesia on the early recovery quality of patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Methods: A total of 120 patients underwent elective percutaneous nephrolithotomy, ASA grade I-II, age 20-70 years, and BMI <35 kg/m2. They were randomly divided into two groups (n=60), general anesthesia group (G group), paravertebral nerve block group and general anesthesia group (GP group). Group G was induced by routine anesthesia, and the GP group underwent paravertebral nerve block before induction of anesthesia. The QoR-40 scale scores were recorded at 1d (D1), 1d (D2), and 2d (D3) before surgery, and the pre-anesthesia induction (T0), 10minutes after anesthesia induction (T1), and gravel start were recorded (T2), 30 minutes after the start of the stone (T3), at the end of the operation (T4), 5 minutes after the extubation (T5), HR, MAP changes in the three groups, total dose of propofol and remifentanil, postoperative analgesia remedy, postoperative 2h, 6h, 12h, 24h, 48h VAS score, the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, the postoperative bedtime, total cost, and discharge time were recorded. Resaults：Compared with group G, the results revealed that the total score of QoR-40 was higher in GP at D2 and D3(P<0.05); GP group’s HR and MAP were more stable at the beginning of gravel (T2) and 5 minutes after extubation (T5) (P<0.05); the total dose of propofol and remifentanil was lower in the GP group(P<0.05); the postoperative analgesic remedy was lower in the GP group(P<0.05); in the GP group, the VAS score was low at 2h and 6h after operation(P<0.05); the incidence of nausea and vomiting was lower in the GP group(P<0.05); the GP group had a shorter bedtime, lower cost, and earlier discharge time(P<0.05).Conclusion: Paravertebral nerve block combined with general anesthesia is superior to general anesthesia in the early rehabilitation of patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy.