Abstract: Objective Constipation not only brings physical and psychological pain to patients, but also affects the recovery after operation. Accurate evaluation is the basis of effective prevention and treatment. This paper evaluates the risk level of constipation in orthopaedic patients and analyses the influencing factors, so as to provide the basis for taking corresponding nursing intervention measures. Methods 116 orthopaedic patients were selected from January 2018 to June 2019 in the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University. On the first day after operation, data were collected by patient information statistics and Constipation Risk Assessment Scale (CRAS), and related risk factors were analyzed. Results The total CRAS score on the first day after operation was 13.62 + 3.49, which was a moderate risk. The age of patients was positively correlated with the score of constipation risk assessment, and the older the patient was, the higher the risk of constipation was. Dietary habits, medication status and previous surgical history are important factors affecting the risk of constipation. In addition, functional exercise, marital status, education level and so on also have an impact on the risk level of constipation. Mean length of stay, sex and type of operation did not affect the risk of constipation. Conclusion Nurses should use scientific methods to assess the risk of constipation in orthopaedic patients, and provide safe and effective interventions according to the risk level of patients, so as to alleviate the pain of patients and promote their rehabilitation.