Abstract: ob＜x＞jective:To compare the effects of NCPAP and non-invasive neuromodulation ventilation assistance (NIV-NAVA) on the stability of premature infants after extubation, in order to provide a reference for clinical applications.Methods:A total of 72 children with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) treated in our hospital from January 2019 to June 2020 were selected as the research ob＜x＞jects. The children were divided into two groups (NCPAP group and NIV- NAVA group) 36 cases in each group, the failure rate of weaning, the occurrence of asynchrony between man and machine, the index of man-machine asynchrony, total oxygen time, non-invasive time and non-invasive oxygen time after treatment were recorded respectively, and related blood gas analysis was detected before and after treatment. Indicators, such as PH value, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), oxygenation index (OI) and the occurrence of complications in different groups.Results: There was no significant difference between NCPAP group and NIV-NAVA group in weaning failure rate, occurrence of human-machine asynchrony, human-machine asynchrony index, and total oxygen time (P>0.05); NIV-NAVA group noninvasive respiratory support The time was 2 (1, 3) days, which was significantly shorter than 5 (3, 6) days in the NCPAP group, with difference statistically significant (P<0.05); Before and after treatment, the pH, PaCO2, and PaO2 levels of the two groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The OI values of children in the NIV-NAVA group were 238.52±32.94 and 258.18±40.75 at 12 h and 24 h after treatment, which were significantly higher than those in the NCPAP group (P<0.05); the NIV-NAVA group and the NCPAP group In the incidence of complications, such as retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), with no statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: Compared with NCPAP, the application of NIV-NAVA after tracheal intubation and extubation in premature infants can shorten the non-invasive respiratory support time, and the application of NIV-NAVA can reduce the occurrence of human-machine asynchrony, which is worthy of clinical use.