Abstract: Glioma is a relatively common primary malignant tumor in the central nervous system. It has the characteristics of rapid proliferation, poor differentiation, strong invasiveness, and a tendency to transform from low-grade to high-grade. With the increase of pathological grade , The degree of tumor deterioration has also increased. It is difficult to treat with total resection alone, and the postoperative recurrence rate is high and the prognosis is poor, which seriously affects human health. At present, with the advancement of medical science and technology, people have more in-depth research on the pathogenesis and immunotherapy of glioma. These studies provide opportunities for effective treatment of glioma. This article reviews the pathogenesis of glioma and the new progress in immunotherapy