Abstract: ob＜x＞jective: To explore the illness cognition level of parents of children with cancer and analyze the influencing factors. Methods: A convenient sampling method was used to conduct a cross-sectional survey of parents of children with cancer who were admitted to a third class A hospital in Xuzhou from June 2020 to December 2021 using a general data questionnaire and a parental version of the Illness Cognition questionnaire (including helplessness, acceptance and perceived benefit). Results: The scores of helplessness, acceptance and perceived benefit of parents of children with cancer were 15.56 ± 4.24, 16.09 ± 4.40 and 19.66 ± 3.90. T The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the parents’ age, education level affected the parents’ helplessness. Parents’ per capita monthly income, daily care time and the course of disease affected the acceptance of parents. Parents’ time of daily care, age of diagnosis and course of disease affected parents’ perceived benefit. Conclusion: Parents of children with cancer have a higher positive cognition of their children’s disease. Parents’ age, parents’ education level, children’s course of disease, payment method of medical expenses, family per capita monthly income, daily care time and age of diagnosis can affect parents’ cognition of disease. Nursing workers should fully evaluate the relevant demographic and social data and disease data, identify the parents of cancer children with high level of negative disease cognition, and give psychological support to promote their positive Illness Cognition.