Abstract: ob＜x＞jective To determine the effect of antibiotic therapy combined with live lactobacillus capsule for vaginal use on chronic endometritis. Methods Retrospective analysis of 137chronic endometritis patients who underwent in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer at The Reproductive Medicine Center of Xuzhou Central Hospital from January 2019 to June 2021. The patients were divided into three groups: oral antibiotic treatment group (OA group, 66 cases), live lactobacillus capsule for vaginal use combined with oral antibiotic treatment group (OA+ LLC group, 60 cases), and untreated group (UT group, 11 cases). The basic characteristics of patients, endometrial thickness, number of embryos transferred, high-quality embryo transfer rate, blastocyst transfer rate, clinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate, early abortion rate, and ectopic pregnancy rate were compared between the three groups. Results The clinical pregnancy rate and implantation rate in the first ET cycle after treatment were significantly higher in the OA+LLC group than in the OA group. Conclusion Our study demonstrated the superiority of oral antibiotic treatment combined with live lactobacillus capsule for vaginal use compared with oral antibiotic treatment.