Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect of perioperative psychological intervention on postoperative anxiety and depression in patients undergoing breast cancer resection under general anesthesia.Methods A total of 110 female patients who were scheduled for breast cancer resection under general anesthesia between October 2022 and December 2022 were enrolled. Two days before surgery, they were randomly divided into two groups according to the random number table method:a psychological intervention group (group SM) or a general care group (group SA). Patients in group SM received psychological intervention for five times, 30 min each time, two days before surgery, one day before surgery, on the day of surgery, on postoperative 1 day and 2 days. Two groups were compared for the State Anxiety Scale (SAI) and Montgomery Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores at postoperative 24 h, 72 h and 30 days.Results Compared with group SA, group SM showed decreases in heart rate (HR) at T1 (at entering into the operating room) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) at T1 and T3 (when incising the skin) (P<0.05). Group SM presented a decreased usage rate of phenylephrine (P=0.017), increased St. Mary's Hospital Sleep Questionnaire (SMH) scores at postoperative 24 h and 72 h (P<0.05) and reduced visual analogue scale (VAS) scores at postoperative 72 h (P<0.05), with a low incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (P=0.023). The SAI scores at postoperative 72 h in group SM were significantly lower than those in group SA (P<0.05), but there were no statistical difference in MADRS score at each postoperative time point between the groups (P>0.05).Conclusions Perioperative psychological intervention relieve postoperative anxiety in patients undergoing breast cancer resection under general anesthesia, reduces the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, improve sleep quality and reduces postoperative pain.