Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiology of mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP) infection in children living in Xuzhou region，and to provide a basis for diagnosis and treatment．Methods MP-IgM antibody was detected in 5173 patients from 0 to 14 years of hospitalization with lower respiratory tract infection by passive agglutination method from October 2016 to September 2017 ,and analyzed the epidemiology of MP infection . Results MP-IgM antibody positive rate in 5173 cases of children patients was 25.44%, among them, the positive rate of female children(28.93%) was higher than that of male ( 23.17%), the difference between the two groups proved statistically significant ( P<0.01);with the age growing, the positive rate increased; the positive rate of MP-IgM antibody in summer and autumn (30.70%) was higher than that in winter and spring (20.07%), showing statistically significant difference(P<0.01); the highest positive rate of MP-IgM antibody was lobar pneumonia; the rate of MP-IgM-positive patients mixed with other respiratory pathogens was 30.62 ％. Conclusion MP infection rate has differences in gender, age and season, the mixed infected rate with other respiratory tract pathogens is high in Xuzhou region．