Abstract: Objective To further investigate the therapeutic effects of different temperature maintenance strategies on hypothermia in patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate under general anesthesia. Methods One hundred and twenty patients undergoing elective transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) under general anesthesia were randomized into four groups: Group A (traditional group: without special hypothermia prevention measures); group B (irrigation fluid warming); group C (warming with forced-air blanket); and group D (irrigation fluid + forced-air blanket warming). The nasopharyngeal temperature, hemodynamic changes and myocardial oxygen consumption of the patients in the four groups were observed and compared at seven time points: entry into the operating room (T1), 10 min after general anesthesia (T2), 10 min after continuous irrigation (T3), 30 min after continuous irrigation (T4), 60 min after continuous irrigation (T5), termination of irrigation (T6), and at the end of anesthesia (T7). Meanwhile, the plasma cytokines, postoperative complications, patient satisfaction, and length of stay were observed and compared.Results Statistically significant differences in nasopharyngeal temperature were observed among the four groups at various time points since T3 (All P<0.01). Group D exhibited significantly milder fluctuation of nasopharyngeal temperature than the groups A, B and C (P<0.05). The fluctuations of HR, MAP, and myocardial oxygen consumption in group D were milder than the other three groups, showing significant differences (P<0.05). At 3 h postoperatively, the serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α dropped significantly in group A, while the serum IL-10 level rose significantly, as compared to groups B, C and D (All P< 0.001). Significantly increased incidences of chills, shivering, nausea, vomiting, muscular soreness, and agitation were noted in groups B, C and D in contrast to group A (All P<0.001). The survey and statistical analysis of the patient satisfaction with treatment revealed statistically significant differences of group A from the other three groups (P<0.01). No significant differences were found though between the groups B, C and D (P>0.05). Furthermore, the lengths of stay in the groups B, C and D were significantly shorter than the group A (All P<0.05).Conclusion A combination of irrigation fluid and forced-air blanket warming is fairly effective in reducing the incidence of hypothermia, keeping hemodynamic stable, alleviating discomfort and diminishing postoperative complications like shivering etc. in patients undergoing TURP, which is worthy of clinical popularization