Abstract: ob＜x＞jective To observe the postoperative curative effect of wall and open mastoid radical tympanoplasty for middle ear cholesteatoma and chronic suppurative otitis media . Method Retrospective analysis of clinical data of middle ear cholesteatoma and chronic suppurative otitis media from June 2015 to June 2019 in the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University. According to the different surgical methods, the patients were divided into two groups: the wall completion group Modified radical mastoidectomy + type III tympanoplasty was performed, and open mastoidectomy and type III tympanoplasty were performed in the open group. Observe and compare the postoperative dry ear time, air bone conduction difference, air conduction hearing threshold, tympanic membrane healing and complications between the two groups. Results Our case-control analysis found no statistical difference in the course, age, affected side, and sex between the two groups. The mean air-bone conductance of the completed wall (27.65 ± 5.02 dB) was better than the open group (29.64 ± 6.02 dB) between the two groups before surgery, but the difference was not statistically significant. The difference in air-bone conductance between the two groups after surgery was statistically significant. the complete wall group ( 27.65±5.02 dB) is better than the open group 29.64±6.02 dB); comparing the average ABG reduction of the two groups after surgery, it is found that the postoperative hearing of the complete wall group (12.87 dB) is better than the open Group (1 0.06 dB), the difference between the two groups was statistically significant. The time to obtain dry ears in the open group was 45.29±16.62 d , and the time to obtain dry ears in the complete wall group was 21.60±11.66 d . The difference between the two groups was statistically significant. In the open group, 17 cases (25%) had complications such as incision infection, fascial necrosis, and external auditory canal stenosis. Five patients ( 21%) in the complete wall group had complications. Compared with the recurrence in the open group (4%), the recurrence rate in the complete wall group was 13%. Conclusions With a good grasp of the indications, the complete mastoid radical mastoidectomy was performed with low complications and short ear drying time