Abstract: ob＜x＞jective: To study the effect and clinical analysis of sternocleidomastoid Intermuscular approach on protecting the anterior cervical function in Unilateral thyroidectomy. Methods: A total of 78 cases of Benign thyroid according to the different approaches were divided into two groups. Observation group included 38cases, treated with sternocleidomastoid Intermuscular approach in the thyroid surgery, and the control group included 45cases, used the traditional white line in the jugular resection. Compared and analysed the intraoperative operation, postoperative recovery and short-term complications of the two groups. Results: Compared with the control group, the patients in the observation group had shorter operation time, less intraoperative blood loss, shorter drainage time, faster recovery of the anterior neck function, and higher satisfaction of the incision. The differences were statistically significant (P <0.05), while there was no significant difference in hospital stay between the two groups (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Sternocleidomastoid Intermuscular approach in Unilateral thyroidectomy, which can not only achieve the surgical effect, but also better protect the function of the anterior cervical region and improve the quality of postoperative life, it is worth promoting.