Abstract: ob＜x＞jective: To explore the correlation between serum miRNA level and inflammatory cytokines in patients with early diabetic nephropathy. Methods: 68 cases of diabetic patients in Endocrinology Department of Huai’an First People’S Hospital from January 2018 to December 2018 were selected as the study subjects,including 32 cases in diabete group(Urinary albumin / creatinine <30mg / g) and 36 cases in early diabetic nephropathy group (30mg / g ≤urinary albumin /creatinine≤300mg / g), and healthy volunteers who received physical examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group (n = 30) . The ex＜x＞pression of miRNA21 and miRNA155 in the serum of each group were detected by real-time quantitative PCR technology, and analyzed their correlation with inflammation-related indicators. Statistics using t-test, Spearman correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The levels of miRNA21 in the diabetes group and early diabetic nephropathy group were lower than those in control group, while the ex＜x＞pression levels of miRNA155 were significantly higher than those in control group. miRNA21 levels were negatively correlated with HMGB1, TNF-α, and IL-6 in patients with early diabetic nephropathy, while miRNA155 levels were positively correlated with HMGB1, TNF-α, and IL-6. Conclusion: miRNA21 can alleviate the progress of diabetic nephropathy. miRNA155 participate in the development of early diabetic nephropathy. Those process may be achieved by regulating the ex＜x＞pression of inflammatory factors. Therefore, miRNA21 and miRNA155 can be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis of early diabetic nephropathy.