Abstract: ob＜x＞jective: To analyze the relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) plaques.Methods:The inpatients in department of Neurology of Pizhou Hospital affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University were collected and grouped according to the results of carotid ultrasound with or without atherosclerotic plaque formation. 100 cases were randomly selected from the atherosclerotic plaque group and 100 cases from the control group without atherosclerotic plaque. Dietary information and general information of patients were collected, and DII and neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio（NLR）were calculated. Logitsic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of carotid atherosclerotic plaque and the relationship between DII and the degree of stenosis of carotid atherosclerotic plaque. Results: The DII value of atherosclerotic plaque group was higher than that of control group (P<0.001).The DII value was positively correlated with the risk of CAS plaque formation (OR=3.376, 95%CI: 2.515-5.551).DII value was correlated with the severity of carotid atherosclerotic plaque stenosis (P<0.001).There was no significant correlation between DII value and WBC count, neutrophil percentage, lymphocyte percentage and NLR (P>0.05).Conclusion: DII value had a certain correlation with the formation of CAS plaque and its stenosis degree, but had no significant correlation with WBC count and NLR.