Abstract: ob＜x＞jective To study the etiology and clinical characteristics of children’s chronic cough in Xuzhou area. Methods The clinical records of 416 children with chronic cough in Xuzhou Children’s Hospital affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University from January 2020 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Results The etiological distribution of 416 children was as follows: There were 216 cases (51.9%) of upper airway cough syndrome (UACS), 101 cases (24.3%) of cough variant asthma (CVA), 76 cases (18.3%) of post-infection cough (PIC), 365 cases (87.7%) of chronic cough caused by single etiology, 51 cases (12.3%) of mixed etiology. There were statistically significant differences in the etiology of chronic cough among different age groups (infant group, preschool group, school-age group), different seasons (spring, summer, autumn, winter), different cough properties (wet cough, dry cough), different cough phases (morning cough, daily cough, night cough) and chronic cough (P<0.01). Conclusion The top three causes of chronic cough in children in Xuzhou area were UACS,CVA and PIC . There were statistical differences in the main causes of chronic cough in children with different age stages, seasons, cough properties and cough phases.