Abstract: Objective To investigate the prognostic factors of hydrocephalus patients after craniocerebral injury so as to assess their outcome. Methods Retrospective analysis was performed using clinical data from 200 hydrocephalus patients after craniocerebral injury who were admitted into the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from June 2014 to June 2019. The following information was collected: patients' gender, age, causes of craniocerebral injury, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score at admission, pupillary response, subarachnoid hemorrhage, ventricular hemorrhage, midline shift, increased intracranial pressure, and subdural effusion. Univariate analysis was performed based on selected factors, and the results were adopted for multivariate logistic regression analysis to explore the prognostic factors of hydrocephalus patients after craniocerebral injury. Results According to univariate analysis, no statistical difference was found in gender and causes of craniocerebral injury between patients with good and poor prognosis (P>0.05). In contrast, age, GCS score at admission, pupillary response, subarachnoid hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage, midline shift, increased intracranial pressure, and subdural effusion were related to the prognosis of hydrocephalus patients after craniocerebral injury (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that age, GCS score at admission, and intraventricular hemorrhage were the independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of hydrocephalus after craniocerebral injury. Conclusions For elderly patients with hydrocephalus and low GCS score before surgery, high concerns should be drawn, while detailed and reasonable review plans are needed. Patients with ventricular hemorrhage should be actively treated to relieve bleeding.