Abstract: ob＜x＞jective To analyze the clinical indexes of patients with polycythemia vera (PV) and explore the effect of red blood cell distribution width (RDW) on the recurrence of PV. Methods The clinical data of 100 newly diagnosed PV patients in the affiliated hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from 2016 to 2021 were analyzed and sorted out. They were divided into relapsed group and non- relapsed group according to whether they relapsed after treatment. The clinical data of each group were compared, and the influencing factors for PV relapse were screened out by COX single factor test, which was included in COX multivariate analysis. Results The mean values of red blood cell count(RBC) and RDW in relapsed PV patients were higher than those in non- relapsed PV patients , and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). COX regression analysis showed that RDW was an independent risk factor for PV relapse. Conclusion The level of RDW in relapsed PV patients is higher than that in non-relapse d patients, and RDW has certain value in predicting the re lapse of PV.