Abstract: Chronic pain has complex causes and is difficult to treat, and the complications it induces have gradually gained attention. Cognition involves key elements such as attention, motor function, executive function and memory Cognitive impairment is one of the complications of chronic pain, Memory impairment caused by chronic pain severely affects patient quality of life. Currently, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying its occurrence and development remain unclear, and there is a lack of specific treatment methods, making it a pressing clinical issue. This article reviews the brain mechanisms of memory impairment induced by chronic pain and the progress in current clinical treatments.