Abstract: Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological disorders, characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures linked to excessive or hypersynchronous neuronal activity. Clinical studies have shown that patients with epilepsy often exhibit olfactory dysfunction, which may serve as a clinical marker of disease progression. Recent research has unveiled the crucial role of the piriform cortex-a brain region closely related to olfactory processing-in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. The current article aims to comprehensively review the research progress on the piriform cortex in epilepsy, summarize existing therapeutic strategies, further explore the potential of the piriform cortex as a therapeutic target, and offer insights into future research directions to facilitate a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of epilepsy and the development of novel therapeutic approaches.