Abstract: Small cell carcinoma of the bladder (SCCB) is a rare and rapidly progressing malignant disease, with biological behavior highly similar to small cell lung cancer. Currently, there is no standardized treatment regimen for SCCB, and most existing research is presented in the form of case reports. Clinical treatment strategies often refer to the treatment guidelines for small cell lung cancer and urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, but the therapeutic outcomes are still unsatisfactory. In order to summarize the current research on the treatment of SCCB, this study uses "small cell carcinoma of the bladder" as the core keyword and comprehensively searches PubMed and other databases. Then, a systematic analysis of recent articles, reviews, and case studies on SCCB is conducted, with the aim of integrating current diagnostic and treatment strategies, exploring a standardized treatment pathway, and providing scientific evidence for clinical practice to improve clinical outcomes.