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    全麻复合电针处理对颅内动脉瘤介入治疗患者围术期阿片类药物相关不良事件发生率的影响

    Effect of general anesthesia combined with electroacupuncture on the incidence of perioperative opioid-related adverse events in patients undergoing intracranial aneurysm intervention

    • 摘要: 目的 探讨全麻复合电针治疗对颅内动脉瘤介入治疗患者围术期阿片类药物相关不良事件发生率的影响,为该类手术的麻醉方案提供参考。方法 选取2024年3月—2024年10月于南京医科大学第一附属医院择期接受全身麻醉下颅内动脉瘤介入手术的患者74例。采用随机分组方法,将患者分为电针组和对照组,每组37例。电针组在麻醉诱导前进行电针干预,取百会、内关(双侧)、合谷(双侧)、足三里(双侧)穴位,刺激30 min,采用频率为4 Hz的连续波;手术开始后,调整为疏密波2/100 Hz交替频率,持续至手术结束。对照组在诱导时采用舒芬太尼、术中使用瑞芬太尼维持麻醉。记录2组患者入室时和插管即刻的心率和血压变化、术中低血压发生率、去氧肾上腺素使用量、术后拔管时间、复苏室停留时间及住院时间。术后24 h采集血液样本,检测白细胞介素(IL)-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、IL-17、IL-12P70、干扰素(IFN)-γ、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α的水平。术前1 d和术后3 d使用谵妄评估量表进行神经精神状态评分。记录术后阿片类药物相关不良事件发生情况,包括术后谵妄、恶心呕吐、便秘及拔管后不同时间点的氧合状况。结果 与对照组相比,电针组患者术中低血压发生率和去氧肾上腺素使用量显著降低,拔管时间和复苏室停留时间缩短,术后24 h血清IL-6、TNF-α降低,IL-10水平升高,术后谵妄、恶心呕吐、便秘及低氧血症发生率降低(P<0.05)。插管即刻心率虽有轻微上升趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。其他观察指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 全麻复合电针治疗能有效降低颅内动脉瘤介入治疗患者围术期阿片类药物相关不良事件的发生率,改善患者预后。

       

      Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect of general anesthesia combined with electroacupuncture on the incidence of perioperative opioid-related adverse events in patients undergoing intracranial aneurysm intervention, and to provide reference for anesthetic management in such procedures. Methods A total of 74 patients scheduled for elective intracranial aneurysm intervention under general anesthesia at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from March 2024 to October 2024 were enrolled. The patients were randomly divided into two groups (n=37): an electroacupuncture group and a control group. In the electroacupuncture group, electroacupuncture stimulation was applied to Baihui, Neiguan (bilateral), Hegu (bilateral), and Zusanli (bilateral) acupoints for 30 min before anesthesia induction, using continuous waves at a frequency of 4 Hz. After the operation began, the stimulation was adjusted to an alternating sparse-dense wave at 2/100 Hz until the end of surgery. In the control group, sufentanil was administered during induction, and remifentanil was used for intraoperative maintenance. Heart rate and blood pressure at the moment of intubation, incidence of intraoperative hypotension, norepinephrine dosage, extubation time, length of recovery room stay, and length of hospitalization stay were recorded for both groups. At 24 h postoperatively, blood samples were collected to measure serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-12P70, interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Neuropsychiatric status was assessed using a delirium rating scale one day before surgery and three days after surgery. Postoperative opioid-related adverse events were recorded, including postoperative delirium, nausea and vomiting, constipation, and oxygenation status at 10, 20, and 30 min after extubation. Results Compared with the control group, the electroacupuncture group showed a significantly decreased incidence of intraoperative hypotension and reduced norepinephrine use. Serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels decreased, while IL-10 levels increased. The incidence of postoperative delirium, nausea and vomiting, constipation, and hypoxemia was also reduced, with shorter extubation times and reduced length of recovery room stay (P<0.05). Although there was a slight upward trend in heart rate at intubation in the electroacupuncture group, the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in other observed indicators (P>0.05). Conclusions General anesthesia combined with electroacupuncture can effectively reduce the incidence of perioperative opioid-related adverse events and improve prognosis in patients undergoing intracranial aneurysm intervention.

       

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