Abstract: Objective To investigate the distribution of colorectal polyps and colorectal cancer in colorectum and its correlation with different subtypes of Helicobacter pylori (Hp). Methods Clinical data were collected from colorectal polyps and colorectal cancer patients who were admitted into the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from March 2017 to March 2019. The types of Hp infection of colorectal polyps and colorectal cancer were compared. Results The single foci of colorectal polyp and colorectal cancer were mainly distributed in the rectum and sigmoid colon. Multiple foci of colorectal polyps mainly distributed in the rectum + sigmoid colon, and rectum + ascending colon. Colorectal cancer could also appear in multiple sites. The Hp infection rates of hyperplastic polyp, hyperplasia + adenomatous polyp and adenomatous polyp were all increased. The ratios of type Ⅰ Hp⁺ in hyperplasia+ adenomatous polyps, adenomatous polyps and colorectal cancer were increased. Conclusions Hp infection may promote the occurrence of rectal hyperplastic polyp, hyperplasia +adenomatous polyp, adenomatous polyp. Type Ⅰ Hp⁺ may promote the development of adenomatous polyp and even colorectal cancer.