Abstract: Retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) widely exists in the pathological process of ischemic ophthalmopathy such as diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, retinal vein occlusion and retinopathy of prematurity, which can cause retinal dysfunction, seriously affect the recovery of patients' vision, and eventually lead to visual impairment and loss of vision. The current study introduced the specific mechanisms of RIRI, which is importance and clinical significance for the prevention and treatment of retinal ischemic diseases. In the recent years, RIRI has gradually become a hot spot in the field of ophthalmology and important progress has been made. In this paper, based on the recent research progress on RIRI, their mechanism of action, and molecular regulatory network are briefly reviewed.