Abstract: Objective To explore the auxiliary diagnostic potentials of inflammatory factors in evaluating the prognosis of patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and its value in clinical practice. Methods A total of 118 SCLC patients were selected and their clinical data were collected to analyze their modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR). Their potentials in evaluating the short-term effectiveness and long-term prognosis were retrospective analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox's proportional hazard regression model. Results Patients with high scores of mGPS, NLR and MLR presented a higher proportion of extensive stage and distant metastasis (P＜0.05). After standard treatment, patients with low scores of mGPS, NLR, PLR and MLR presented remarkably improvement in the objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR), compared with those with high scores (P＜0.05). There were no statistical differences in the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) between the high and low mGPS, NLR, PLR and MLR score groups (P＜0.05). Multivariate prognosis analysis showed that mGPS was an independent risk prognostic factor for SCLC (HR=0.603, 95%CI: 0.373-0.973, P=0.038). Conclusions Inflammatory factors such as mGPS, NLR, PLR, and MLR are associated with the prognosis of SCLC, where mGPS is an independent risk factor for the prognosis of SCLC.