Abstract: Bacillus mucilaginosus is a bacteria commonly found in minerals. It can decompose insoluble silicate substances in soil, and releases a large amount of potassium ion, magnesium ion and other trace elements into soil, which can be used by crops as nutrients. As an important active substance, the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) secreted by Bacillus mucilaginosus is characterized in high yield, good safe, non-toxicity, and enhancement of the immune system and therefore draws increasing attentions. This paper reviews the components, extract process and functions of EPS, so as to provide references for further research and development of EPS.