Abstract: Metabonomics is a high-throughput and high-resolution detection technology for screening metabolic pathways through analysis of metabolites in body fluids, cells and tissues. It is usually used as one of the important means to discover biomarkers. In recent years, metabonomics has been applied for early screening of a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis, and to identify the metabolic changes associated with disease progression. Recent studies have shown that the application of metabonomics may provide new thoughts for early diagnosis of perioperative neurocognitive disorders. This article reviews the application of metabonomics in early diagnosis of perioperative neurocognitive disorders.