Abstract: Objective To detect the concentrations of kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) and Netrin-1 in the urine of chronic hepatitis B patients before and after drug treatment and observe the relationship between KIM-1, Netrin-1 and drug-induced renal dysfunction in chronic hepatitis B patients. Methods A total of 95 patients with chronic hepatitis B were selected. Their fasting blood and morning urine were collected before and 12, 24, 36, and 48 weeks after treatment. The expression of KIM-1 and Netrin-1 in the urine before and after treatment was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The content of serum HBV-DNA, ALT, creatinine (Cr) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were measured by conventional biochemical reagents. Results After drug treatment, HBV-DNA content and ALT were significantly reduced in chronic hepatitis B patients. Through ELISA assay, the contents of KIM-1 and Netrin-1 in the urine of chronic hepatitis B patients after drug treatment were higher than those before treatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Meanwhile, both urinary KIM-1 and Netrin-1 were positively correlated with the changes in Cr and negatively correlated with the changes in eGFR. Conclusions The levels of urinary KIM-1 and Netrin-1 are significantly associated with drug-induced renal dysfunction in chronic hepatitis B, which are useful to predict renal injury.