Abstract: Objective To explore the correlation between facial emotion recognition ability and impulsive aggressive behavior of patients with schizophrenia. Methods Patients with schizophrenia who were admitted to Xuzhou Oriental People's Hospital from September 2021 to February 2022 were selected. According to the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS), they were divided into two groups (n=100): a violent group and a non-violent group. Both groups were compared for general information, event related potential, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) score, Baratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) scores and facial emotion recognition abilities. The related factors of impulsive aggressive behavior in patients with schizophrenia were analyzed. Results The violent group showed longer P300 and N200 latency, and lower P300 amplitude than the non-violent group (P＜0.01). The violent group presented higher BPRS and BIS-11 scores than the non-violent group (P＜0.01).The violent group presented showed decreases in the correct number of sadness, fear, disgust,and anger and total number,compared with the non-violent group (P＜0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that P300 latency,P300 amplitude,N200 latency,BPRS,BIS-11 and the correct number of facial emotion (sadness,fear,disgust,and anger) and total number were related with impulsive aggressive behavior (P＜0.05). Conclusions Impulsive aggressive behavior in patients with schizophrenia may be related to facial emotion recognition ability of sadness, fear, disgust, and anger.