妊娠期糖尿病胎儿认知功能障碍发病机制研究进展

Research progress on the pathogenetic mechanism of fetal cognitive dysfunction caused by gestational diabetes

摘要: 妊娠期糖尿病是一种常见的妊娠并发症，近年来发病率不断增高。妊娠期糖尿病会影响胎儿的神经系统发育，导致胎儿认知功能障碍，给社会带来了巨大的经济负担。然而，目前有关妊娠期糖尿病导致的胎儿认知功能障碍的具体机制尚未阐明。本文就二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）胎盘转移受阻、小胶质细胞促炎反应、铁元素缺乏和IL-1β增加引起胰岛素抵抗等4种机制展开综述，对妊娠期糖尿病导致的胎儿认知功能障碍的机制进行进一步探讨，为治疗提供更多的研究靶点。

Abstract: Gestational diabetes is a common complication of pregnancy, with an increasing incidence in recent years. Gestational diabetes affects the neurological development of the fetus and leads to fetal cognitive dysfunction, which imposes a huge economic burden on the society. However, the specific mechanisms by which gestational diabetes causes fetal cognitive dysfunction have not been elucidated yet. In this paper, we review four mechanisms, including impaired placental transfer of DHA, pro-inflammatory response of microglia, iron deficiency and insulin resistance caused by increased IL-1β, and further explore the mechanisms of fetal cognitive dysfunction caused by gestational diabetes, in order to provide more research targets for treatment.