Abstract: ObjectiveTo understand the pathogenic bacteria of neonatal acute bacterial conjunctivitis, and find effective antibacterial agents for rational treatment. MethodsBacterial culture and drug sensitivity tests were performed using the conjunctival sac secretion from 159 neonates diagnosed with acute bacterial conjunctivitis. The results were analyzed. ResultsA total of 130 neonates showed positive bacterial culture, with the positive rate of 81.1%. No statistical difference was found among different years (χ2 =0.695, P＞0.05). The main pathogens of neonatal acute bacterial conjunctivitis were Staphylococcus epidermidis (48.5%), Staphylococcus aureus (22.3%), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (38.7%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (32.3%). The resistance rate was high to erythromycin, neomycin, penicillin and rifampin, but low to quinolones and cephalosporins. ConclusionsBacterial culture and drug sensitivity test using the conjunctival sac secretion in neonate with acute bacterial conjunctivitis facilitate to improve efficacy and reduce resistance.