Abstract: ObjectiveTo observe the expression and distribution of anti-mullerianhormone (AMH) and its type Ⅱ receptor (AMHR-Ⅱ) in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), and discusses the role of AMH and AMHR-Ⅱ in the development of cervical squamous cell carcinoma. MethodsThe expression of AMH and AMHR-Ⅱ were examined by immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative PCR using 30 CSCC samples, 30 samples of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), 30 samples of cervical low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and 30 samples of chronic cervicitis (CC) tissues. ResultsCompared with Group CC, Groups CSCC and HSIL showed remarkably decreases in the positive cell number and mRNA level of AMH and AMHR-Ⅱ (P＜0.01). Compared with Group LSIL, Groups CSCC and HSIL showed remarkably decreases in the positive cell number and mRNA level of AMH and AMHR-Ⅱ (P＜0.01). No statistical difference was found as to the positive cell number and mRNA level of AMH and AMHR-Ⅱ between Groups CC and LSIL, and Groups CSCC and HSIL (P>0.05). ConclusionsThe expression of AMH and AMHR-Ⅱ is closely related to the development of cervical squamous cell carcinoma, which are decreased as cervical lesions develop. AMH and AMHR-Ⅱ are expected to be biological indicators for early diagnosis and treatment of cervical squamous cell carcinoma.