Abstract: Objectives To exolore the relationship between red cell distribution width （RDW）and left ventricular hypertrophy（LVH）in dialysis patients. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of the patient with maintained hemodialysis for more than three years and age is greater than 18 years old in Sir Run Run Hospitcal Nanjing Medical University in the period from Jun.2016 to October.2017. A total of 136 consecutive patients who underwent maintained hemodialysis at the single institution were reviewed. Patients with standard hemoglobin level were divided into RDW normal (RDW<16%)group and RDW elevated ( RDW ≥16%) group based on the normal RDW limit of 16.0%. Results red cell distribution width is related to left ventricular hypertrophy in dialysis patients（r=0.62，P<0.01）. The red cel distribution width with greater than 16% in patients complicating left ventricular hypertrophy is higher than those red cel distribution width less than 16%.In multiline linear regression analysis, exclude age，blood pressure，total cholesterol triglyceride and other related indicators，RDW remained associated with left ventricular hypertrophy . Conclusion RDW is an independent risk factor for left ventricular hypertrophy in maintenance hemodialysis patients. The indicator of RDW is more associated with the degree of cardiac hypertrophy in patients whose RDW are greater than 16%。