Abstract: At present, the implementation of postoperative analgesia is more and more important. Postoperative analgesia is very important to promote early postoperative recovery and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications. There are many kinds of analgesic and analgesic drugs in clinic. Postoperative analgesia of thoracic surgery Patient Controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA), thoracic epidural analgesia, Muscle injection analgesia, Oral analgesic, intercostal nerve freezing. Analgesics include opioid analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics. The mechanism and analgesic effect are different. The combination of analgesic drugs can effectively reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions. The postoperative analgesic effect was more accurate. The physical quality of the patient was evaluated before operation. According to the patient’s general condition and history. Make personalized postoperative analgesia program. It will be more worthy of further discussion and implementation. There are many literature on postoperative analgesia in thoracic surgery. However, there is a lack of literature review at home and abroad. The necessity, drug mechanism, analgesic effect and research status of postoperative analgesia after thoracic surgery were discussed in this paper. The aim is to give clinicians a better understanding of the methods and mechanisms of postoperative analgesia. To provide theoretical support and clinical reference for better treatment of postoperative pain in thoracic patients.