Abstract: Objective To retrospectively study the related factors of recurrence of atrial fibrillation (Af) after radiofrequency ablation, and to provide a reference for predicting the recurrence of Af, so as to help patients with Af choose appropriate treatment. Methods A total of 121 Af patients who underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation for the first time were selected and 114 patients were enrolled in the study except 7 patients due to lost to follow-up. Basic clinical data, parameters of preoperative echocardiography and hematology-related indicators were collected. All patients received postoperative follow-up for one year. According to the follow-up results, patients were divided into a recurrent group and a non-recurrent group. The difference in clinical data between the two groups was statistically analyzed using single factor analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to obtain independent predictors of Af recurrence. Results During the follow-up period, a total of 35 patients had Af recurrence, with a recurrence rate of 30.7%. Early recurrence occurred in 30 patients, among whom 19 patients had late recurrence (i.e., real recurrence). Further multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), serum globulin, early recurrence and left atrial diameter (LAD) were independent predictors for recurrence after radiofrequency ablation. According to the ROC curve analysis, the area under the curve of HDL-C predicting the recurrence of Af after ablation was 0.703,the optimal cut-off point was 1.245 mmol/L, with the sensitivity and specificity of 74% and 67% respectively. The area under the curve of serum globulin predicting the recurrence of Af after ablation was 0.711, the optimal cut-off point was 26.250 g/L, with the sensitivity and specificity of 66% and 71% respectively. Conclusions Preoperative level of HDL-C, serum globulin, early recurrence and LAD are independent predictors of recurrence of Af after radiofrequency ablation.