Abstract: Objective To determine the genotype of Treponema pallidum infected in a neurosyphilis patient with special syphilis rash. Methods The peripheral blood samples were collected from the patient to obtain the genomic DNA of Treponema pallidum. PCR was used to amplify the specific gene tp47 of Treponema pallidum. The genes arp and tpr were amplified by PCR. The number of repeated fragments within gene arp and the RFLP genotype of gene tpr were adopted to determine the genotype of Treponema pallidum. Results The fragments of gene tp47 gene were amplified by PCR. Based on the double genotyping method, the genotype of Treponema pallidum was identified as 14d. Conclusions The genotype of Treponema pallidum infected in the patient is 14d, which is associated with the susceptibility of neurosyphilis. This type has a significant correlation with the susceptibility of neurosyphilis. The patient’s special clinical manifestations may be related to the genotype.