Correlation between hemoglobin level and the risk of diabetic foot in type 2 diabetes patients

Objective To explore the correlation between hemoglobin (Hb) and the risk of diabetic foot (DF) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods A total of T2DM 145 patients who were admitted in Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from June 1, 2018 to March 30, 2020 were enrolled. According to the presence of DF, they were divided into two groups: a DF group and a non-DF group. Their general information was obtained, while their blood samples were collected to detect biochemical and blood routine related indicators. Independent sample t test and Chi-square test were used to compare the differences between the two groups. Univariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between various clinical indicators and DF risks. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between Hb level and DF risk. Results The DF group presented remarkable increases in diabetes duration, serum creatinine (Scr), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (P<0.05), as well as the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), Hb, albumin (Alb) and total cholesterol (TC) (P<0.05), compared with the non-DF group. There were no significant differences in age, gender, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FPG), triacylglycerol (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P>0.05). According to eGFR level, the patients were divided into two groups: eGFR ≥90 ml/(min·1.73 m²) and eGFR<90 ml/(min·1.73 m²). For those with eGFR≥90 ml/(min·1.73 m²), Hb and Alb were the two protective factors of DF; the lower Hb and Alb were, the higher the incidence of DF was (P<0.05). However, no statistical difference was found in the group whose eGFR was less than 90 ml/(min·1.73 m²) (P>0.05). Conclusions The Hb level of T2DM patients is a protective factor of DF and a low Hb is an independent risk factor of DF