Correlation between the expression of serum Asprosin and Metrnl and glucolipid metabolism in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus

Objective To investigate the correlation between the expression of Asprosin and Metrnl in the serum of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and glucolipid metabolism. Methods A total of 45 GDM women who delivered in the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from February 2022 to July 2022 were selected as a GDM group, while another 45 normal pregnant women were selected as a control group. Their levels of Asprosin and Metrnl were detected, and correlations with blood glucose, blood lipids, insulin resistance and inflammatory indexes were analyzed. Results Compared with the control group, the GDM group showed remarkable increases in the levels of prepregnancy BMI, newborn weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2hPBG), fasting insulin (FINS), homeostasis model assessment parameter of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), C-reaction protein (CRP), and Asprosin (P<0.05), as well as decreases in the levels of late pregnancy weight gain, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and Metrnl (P<0.05). The differences in age and gestational week between the two groups were not statistically different (P＞0.05). The levels of serum Asprosin were positively related with FPG, 2h PBG, FINS, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, TG and CRP (P<0.05), but negatively related with HDL-C (P<0.05). The levels of serum Metrnl were negatively related with FPG, 2hPBG, FINS, HOMA-IR, HbA1c,TG and CRP (P<0.05), but positively related with HDL-C (P<0.05). According to the single factor analysis of variance, there were significant differences in prepregnancy BMI, Asprosin, Metrnl, TG, FPG, HbA1c, HDL-C, LDL-C, 2hPBG and CRP (P<0.05). The binary Logistic regression analysis indicated that prepregnancy BMI, Asprosin, and HbA1c were the independent risk factor of GDM, while Metrnl was the independent protective factor of GDM. Conclusions Serum Asprosin and Metrnl are closely related to glucolipid metabolism, inflammatory markers and insulin resistance in patients with GDM, and play an important role in the occurrence and development of GDM.