Effect of Momordica charantia exosome combined with mupirocin ointmenton the wound healing of deep second degree scald

Objective To investigate the effect of Momordica charantia exosomes on the wound healing of deep second degree scald and related mechanism.Methods Exosomes of Momordica charantia were extracted by ultracentrifugation. A model of deep second degree skin scald in rats was established. A total of 42 male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=14): a mupirocin ointment group, a mupirocin ointment + moist burn ointment group, and a mupirocin ointment + Momordica charantia exosome group. These rats were treated with mupirocin ointment, mupirocin ointment + moist burn ointment, and mupirocin ointment + Momordica charantia exosome, respectively, once a day, for 28 days. The body weight, hair growth, scar growth and wound area were recorded. On days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 of administration, wound skin tissues were taken for frozen sections. Furthermore, HE staining was performed for pathological analysis, and the contents of keratin (CK19) and platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule (CD31) were observed by immunohistochemical staining.Results The mupirocin ointment + Momordica charantia exosome group showed a significantly higher healing rate than the mupirocin ointment group and the mupirocin ointment + moist burn ointment group, with the least skin shrinkage. The expression of CK19 at the early stage and CD31 at the late stage in the skin tissue of the mupirocin ointment + Momordica charantia exosome group was higher than those of other control groups.Conclusions Momordica charantia exosome can promote the wound healing of deep second degree scald by enhancing vascular endothelial synthesis and promoting the recovery of injured cells, which may act as a potential therapeutic agent for scald.