Research progress on the pathogenetic mechanism of fetal cognitive dysfunction caused by gestational diabetes

Gestational diabetes is a common complication of pregnancy, with an increasing incidence in recent years. Gestational diabetes affects the neurological development of the fetus and leads to fetal cognitive dysfunction, which imposes a huge economic burden on the society. However, the specific mechanisms by which gestational diabetes causes fetal cognitive dysfunction have not been elucidated yet. In this paper, we review four mechanisms, including impaired placental transfer of DHA, pro-inflammatory response of microglia, iron deficiency and insulin resistance caused by increased IL-1β, and further explore the mechanisms of fetal cognitive dysfunction caused by gestational diabetes, in order to provide more research targets for treatment.